Comparison of plane-stress, generalized-plane-strain and 3D FEM elastic–plastic analyses of thick-walled cylinders subjected to radial thermal gradient

In many industrial applications, thick-walled cylindrical components are subjected to high pressure and/or temperature. During the operation the cylinder wall may undergo elastic–plastic deformation. This paper presents plane-stress and plane-strain thermo-elastic–plastic stress analyses of thick-walled cylinders subjected to a radial thermal gradient. A three-dimensional finite element method (3D FEM) analysis of the thermo-elastic–plastic stresses in thick-walled cylinder is also carried out. The 3D FEM results are compared with the analytical plane stress and the generalized plane strain analyses in order to study the validity of these models on the basis of length to wall-thickness ratio of cylinders. The plane stress and generalized plane strain analyses are based on the Tresca yield criterion and associated flow rule. The strain hardening behavior of the material of the cylinder is taken into account. It is observed that for the length to wall thickness ratio of more than 6, the generalized plane strain analysis can provide sufficiently accurate results. Similarly, for the length to wall thickness ratio of less than 0.5, plane stress analysis can be used. When the length to wall thickness ratio is more than 0.5 but less than 6, a three-dimensional analysis is needed

Pengamanan Data Menggunakan Metoda Enkripsi Einstein

Dalam proses demokrasi maka semua orang bebas untuk berbicara mengutarakan pendapat dan pandangannya berdasarkan pribadi dan perasaannya, tentu saja dengan melihat bahwa hak demokrasinya tersebut tidak melanggar hak demokrasi orang lain. Kebebasan berkomunikasi ini juga termasuk kebebasan untuk berbicara dengan orang yang diinginkan. Untuk itu akan sangat mengganggu bila isi pembicaraan terutama yang menggunakan teknologi informasi ternyata bocor kepada orang yang tidak berhak dan secara demokrasi ini melanggar haknya, padahal dalam teknologi informasi yang berkembang secara sangat pesat ini ternyata tidak dibarengi dengan penggunaan alat untuk pengamanan data yang tepat dalam sistem informasi. Salah satu teknik pengamanan data informasi di dunia internet adalah penggunaan teknik algoritma kriptografi. Suatu algoritma kriptografi berisi fungsi-fungsi matematika yang digunakan untuk melakukan proses enkripsi dan dekripsi. Algoritma kriptografi yang digunakan merupakan jenis algoritma kriptografi simetrik yang menggunakan kunci rahasia yang sama untuk proses enkripsi dan dekripsinya. Pada makalah ini dipaparkan penggunaan algoritma kriptografi Einstein sebagai salah satu cara untuk mengamankan data. Pada algoritma Einstein, terdapat proses acak (random) yang menggunakan metoda kongruensial linear. Algoritma Einstein mempunyai kelebihan dalam melakukan proses enkripsi dan dekripsi pada hampir semua jenis file yang umum digunakan. Algoritma Einstein bisa diimplementasikan untuk semua ukuran file

Derun dil

Safveti Ziya'nın Malumat'ta tefrika edilen Derun Dil adlı roman

AMI en Latinoamérica Aproximación, análisis y propuesta de medición sobre el contexto de la Alfabetización Mediática e Informacional en América Latina

Esta tesis doctoral desarrolla una metodología para la evaluación de la alfabetización mediática e informacional (AMI), que se basa en los marcos propuestos por la UNESCO (2011, 2013) y la Comisión Europea (Celot y Pérez Tornero, 2009), brindando una adaptación de las recomendaciones diseñadas por estos dos grandes representantes de la AMI aplicable al contexto específico de América Latina. También hace una revisión de literatura sobre las teorías generales relacionadas con la alfabetización mediática e informacional, así como de estudios en AMI llevados a cabo en diferentes países, principalmente en los once seleccionados para esta investigación. De esta manera, se plantea un enfoque amplio sobre la AMI que tiene en cuenta diversos autores e instituciones que trabajan en este campo (ACRL, 2000; Ainley et al., 2012; NAP-ICTL, 2012; Pérez-Tornero, 2007; UNESCO, 2008; Celot y Pérez-Tornero 2009; Lau y Cortés, 2009; Renee Hobbs, 2010; UNESCO, 2011, 2013; Giraldo et al., 2014, entre otros). Teorías relacionadas con la edu-comunicación, la alfabetización mediática, estudios de medios, alfabetización informacional, alfabetización TIC/digital, alfabetizaciones múltiples, etc., han sido comparadas y analizadas. El resultado es la creación de un marco teórico sólido tanto sobre la competencia mediática como sobre la evaluación del contexto AMI. El estudio se basa en un profundo análisis de contenidos que sistematiza variables relacionadas con políticas públicas, planes de estudios, planes nacionales en TIC, seguridad cibernética y elementos relacionados con la AMI en general (alfabetización informacional, alfabetización digital, competencia mediática) en los once países estudiados. También tiene en cuenta un amplio cuestionario aplicado a una muestra de 44 expertos en AMI provenientes de Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, México, Panamá, Perú, República Dominicana, Uruguay y Venezuela. La investigación muestra cómo los países de América Latina se están adaptando a la sociedad del conocimiento -a velocidades bastante diferentes- y describe (y se centra en ello) un escenario de rápido movimiento en el que se observa la manera en que algunos países de la región comienzan a concentrar sus esfuerzos en acciones que van más allá de la fase embrionaria de generación de oportunidades de acceso a las TIC (infraestructura TI en general, programas 1:1, ciber-centros, construcción de redes, etc.). También muestra cómo los países del mismo nivel de ingresos (medio-alto) han llevado a cabo diferentes estrategias digitales que, en algunos casos, han conducido a resultados de alto impacto. El resultado de esta investigación es una propuesta de "Índice de preparación AMI" y un amplio primer mapeo de los factores que favorecen a la AMI en la región.This thesis develops an assessment methodology on Media and Information Literacy (MIL), which is based on the frameworks proposed by UNESCO (2011, 2013) and the European Commission (Celot & Pérez Tornero, 2009), adapting the directions given by these two major representatives in the field of MIL to the specific context of Latin America. It also makes a literature review on media and information literacy general theories as well as on MIL studies carried out in different countries, mainly in the eleven selected for this research. A broad approach to MIL is drafted taking into account several authors and institutions working on this field (ACRL, 2000; Ainley et al., 2012; NAP-ICTL, 2012; Pérez-Tornero, 2007; UNESCO, 2008; Celot & Pérez-Tornero, 2009; Lau & Cortés, 2009; Renee Hobbs, 2010; UNESCO, 2011, 2013; Giraldo et al., 2014, among others). Theories related to edu-communication, media literacy, media studies, information literacy, digital/ICT literacy, multiple literacies, etc. have been compared and analyzed. The result is the creation of a robust theoretical framework both on media competence and on MIL context assessment. The study relies on a deep content analysis that systematizes variables related to public policy, school curriculum, ICT plans, cyber-security, and media and information literacy elements (informational literacy, digital literacy, media competence) in the eleven countries studied. It also takes into account a comprehensive questionnaire with a sample of 44 MIL experts from Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Dominican Republic, Uruguay and Venezuela. The research shows how countries in Latin America are adapting to the Knowledge Society -at very different speeds- and describes (and focuses on) a fast-moving scenario where some countries of the region are starting to concentrate their efforts on actions that go beyond the embryonic stage of generating opportunities to access ICT (general IT infrastructure, 1:1 programs, cyber-centers, networks building, etc.). It also shows how countries on the same income level (mid-high) have run very different digital strategies which, in some cases, have led to high impact outcomes. The result of this research is a "MIL Readiness Index" proposal and a rich first mapping of the MIL enabling factors in the region

Supplementary document for Human-vision-inspired Cluster Identification for Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy - 6189707.pdf

Fig. S

Determination of carotenoid and chlorophyll contents in <i>T. jolithus</i>.

<p>Determination of carotenoid and chlorophyll contents in <i>T. jolithus</i>.</p

<i>De Novo</i> Transcriptome Analysis of an Aerial Microalga <i>Trentepohlia jolithus:</i> Pathway Description and Gene Discovery for Carbon Fixation and Carotenoid Biosynthesis

<div><p>Background</p><p>Algae in the order Trentepohliales have a broad geographic distribution and are generally characterized by the presence of abundant β-carotene. The many monographs published to date have mainly focused on their morphology, taxonomy, phylogeny, distribution and reproduction; molecular studies of this order are still rare. High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology provides a powerful and efficient method for transcript analysis and gene discovery in <i>Trentepohlia jolithus</i>.</p><p>Methods/Principal Findings</p><p>Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencing generated 55,007,830 Illumina PE raw reads, which were assembled into 41,328 assembled unigenes. Based on NR annotation, 53.28% of the unigenes (22,018) could be assigned to gene ontology classes with 54 subcategories and 161,451 functional terms. A total of 26,217 (63.44%) assembled unigenes were mapped to 128 KEGG pathways. Furthermore, a set of 5,798 SSRs in 5,206 unigenes and 131,478 putative SNPs were identified. Moreover, the fact that all of the C4 photosynthesis genes exist in <i>T. jolithus</i> suggests a complex carbon acquisition and fixation system. Similarities and differences between <i>T. jolithus</i> and other algae in carotenoid biosynthesis are also described in depth.</p><p>Conclusions/Significance</p><p>This is the first broad transcriptome survey for <i>T. jolithus</i>, increasing the amount of molecular data available for the class Ulvophyceae. As well as providing resources for functional genomics studies, the functional genes and putative pathways identified here will contribute to a better understanding of carbon fixation and fatty acid and carotenoid biosynthesis in <i>T. jolithus</i>.</p></div

Rocks covered with red <i>T. jolithus</i>.

<p>(A) Red-Stone-Valley in winter. (B) Reddish stones along rivers. (C) Microscopic structure of dried <i>T. jolithus</i>. (D) Microscopic structure of rehydrated <i>T. jolithus</i> after a few drops of water was added to the dried material.</p

Summary of putative SNPs found in <i>T. jolithus</i> unigenes.

<p>Summary of putative SNPs found in <i>T. jolithus</i> unigenes.</p

Binding Affinity Prediction for Protein–Ligand Complexes Based on <i>β</i> Contacts and B Factor

Accurate determination of protein–ligand binding affinity is a fundamental problem in biochemistry useful for many applications including drug design and protein–ligand docking. A number of scoring functions have been proposed for the prediction of protein–ligand binding affinity. However, accurate prediction is still a challenging problem because poor performance is often seen in the evaluation under the leave-one-cluster-out cross-validation (LCOCV). We introduce a new scoring function named B2BScore to improve the prediction performance. B2BScore integrates two physicochemical properties for protein–ligand binding affinity prediction. One is the property of <i>β</i> contacts. A <i>β</i> contact between two atoms requires no other atoms to interrupt the atomic contact and assumes that the two atoms should have enough direct contact area. The other is the property of B factor to capture the atomic mobility in the dynamic protein–ligand binding process. Tested on the PDBBind2009 data set, B2BScore shows superior prediction performance to existing methods on independent test data as well as under the LCOCV evaluation framework. In particular, B2BScore achieves a significant LCOCV improvement across 26 protein clustersa big increase of the averaged Pearson’s correlation coefficients from 0.418 to 0.518 and a significant decrease of standard deviation of the coefficients from 0.352 to 0.196. We also identified several important and intuitive contact descriptors of protein–ligand binding through the random forest learning in B2BScore. Some of these descriptors are closely related to contacts between carbon atoms without covalent-bond oxygen/nitrogen, preferred contacts of metal ions, interfacial backbone atoms from proteins, or π rings. Some others are negative descriptors relating to those contacts with nitrogen atoms without covalent-bond hydrogens or nonpreferred contacts of metal ions. These descriptors can be directly used to guide protein–ligand docking